HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN ORANG TUA ANAK BALITA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Puji Nurfauziatul Hasanah

Abstract


 

Peningkatan morbiditas penyakit menular pada anak terjadi akibat perubahan iklim global dan peralihan status pandemi COVID-19 menjadi endemi di Indonesia. Namun, berbagai kelonggaran protokol kesehatan dilakukan oleh pemerintah setempat. Hal ini dapat menjadi suatu situasi yang dapat menjadi stressor bagi orang tua anak balita yang merupakan kelompok rentan paparan infeksi. Kondisi tersebut dapat memunculkan masalah psikologis seperti kecemasan pada orang tua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial dengan tingkat kecemasan orang tua anak balita pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan cross-sectional melibatkan responden yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Tingkat kecemasan ibu diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) dan kuesioner dukungan sosial menggunakan The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan prevalensi kecemasan (sedang dan berat) sebesar 67,4%, dan dukungan sosial tinggi sebesar 37%. Hasil analisis menggunakan Spearman Rank menunjukan dukungan sosial berhubungan dengan tingkat kecemasan dengan nilai p-value sebesar 0,000. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tingginya prevalensi kecemasan ibu. Dukungan sosial yang diterima berdampak pada kondisi psikososial ibu. Semakin rendah dukungan sosial berdampak pada tingginya masalah psikologis yang dialami. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan bahwa kecemasan orang tua dan anak menjadi fokus intervensi multisektor diantaranya pelayanan kesehatan, pemerintah, dan keterlibatan keluarga serta masyarakat setempat. Kecemasan orang tua akan berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan mental orang tua yang secara tidak langsung akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak.

Kata kunci: Balita; Dukungan Sosial; Kecemasan; Orang tua; Pandemi


Abstract

The escalation in morbidity of infectious disease in children recently occur due to global climate change and the transition status of the COVID-19 pandemic to endemic in Indonesia. However, various relaxations of health protocols were carried out by the local government. This may be a challenging situation that can be a stressor for parents of children under five who are susceptible to infection exposure. This condition can lead to psychological problems such as anxiety in parents. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and the level of anxiety of parents of children under five. This research method was conducted with a cross-sectional design involving respondents who were taken by a simple random sampling technique. The mother’s anxiety level was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire and the social support questionnaire using The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of anxiety (moderate and severe) was 67.4%, and high social support was 37%. The results of the analysis using Spearman Rank show that social support is associated with anxiety levels with a p-value of 0.000. The results of this study indicate the high prevalence of maternal anxiety. The social support received has an impact on the mother's psychosocial condition. The lower the social support, the higher the psychological problems experienced. The results of this study are expected that the mental health of parents and children will become the focus of multi-sector interventions including health services, government, and the involvement of families and local communities. The mental health of parents will affect the growth and development of children.

Keywords: Toddler; Social Support; Anxiety; Parents; Pandemic

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


W. B. WHO, UNICEF & Group, “Levels and trends in child malnutrition,†pp. 1–16, 2018.

I. P. Society, “Clinical guideline management of COVID-19 in children indonesian pediatric society 2nd Edition,†no. March, 2020.

A. H. Pudjiadi et al., “Pediatric COVID-19: Report from indonesian pediatric society data registry,†Front. Pediatr., vol. 9, no. September, pp. 1–7, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.716898.

D. Helldén, C. Andersson, M. Nilsson, K. L. Ebi, P. Friberg, and T. Alfvén, “Climate change and child health: a scoping review and an expanded conceptual framework,†Lancet Planet. Heal., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. e164–e175, 2021, doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30274-6.

Z. Z. I. (Malaysia) Hans-O. Pörtner (Germany), Debra C. Roberts (South Africa), Helen Adams (United Kingdom), Carolina Adler (Switzerland/Chile/Australia), Paulina Aldunce (Chile), Elham Ali (Egypt), Rawshan Ara Begum (Malaysia/Australia/Bangladesh), Richard Betts (United Ki, Climate Change 2022 - Impacts, Adaptation and vulnerability - Summary for Policymakers. 2022.

M. McLennan and S. Group, The global risks report 2022. 2022.

Z. A. Bhutta, A. Aimone, and S. Akhtar, “Climate change and global child health: What can paediatricians do?,†Arch. Dis. Child., vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 417–418, 2019, doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316694.

X. Basagaña et al., “Heat waves and cause-specific mortality at all ages,†Epidemiology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 765–772, 2011, doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31823031c5.

L. H. C. Janssen et al., “Does the COVID-19 pandemic impact parents’ and adolescents’ well-being? An EMA-study on daily affect and parenting,†PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 10 October, pp. 1–21, 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240962.

A. Bystritsky, S. S. Khalsa, M. E. Cameron, and J. Schiffman, “Current diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders,†P T, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 30–44, 2013.

D. F. Santomauro et al., “Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,†Lancet, vol. 398, no. 10312, pp. 1700–1712, 2021, doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02143-7.

A. A. Adwas, J. M. Jbireal, and A. E. Azab, “Anxiety: Insights into Signs, Symptoms, Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment,†East African Sch. J. Med. Sci., vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 580–591, 2019.

I. Herliana and N. Eni, “Hubungan kecemasan orang tua dengan pengasuhan anak prasekolah di masa pandemi COVID-19,†vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 28–39, 2021.

R. P. Trisnani and S. Y. Wardani, “Tingkat kecemasan ibu yang memiliki balita dalam menghadapi era new normal,†J. Konseling Andi Matappa, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 42–47, 2021.

P. N. Hasanah, F. Haryanti, and L. Lusmilasari, “Hubungan stres pengasuhan dengan resiliensi orang tua anak penyandang kanker,†J. Asuhan Ibu dan Anak, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 23–30, 2021, doi: 10.33867/jaia.v6i1.226.

K. Kasmad, D. E. Marisa, and A. Kadafi, “Koping keluarga tenaga kesehatan dalam menghadapi pandemik Covid-19 Kota Cirebon,†J. Kesehat., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 118–122, 2021, doi: 10.38165/jk.v12i2.255.

B. A. Moore and J. E. Barnett, “Oxford clinical psychology military psychologists ’ Desk Reference,†Case Stud. Clin. Psychol. Sci. Bridg. Gap from Sci. to Pract., no. August, pp. 1–7, 2015, doi: 10.1093/med.

E. L. Adams, D. Smith, L. J. Caccavale, and M. K. Bean, “Parents are stressed! Patterns of parent stress across COVID-19,†Front. Psychiatry, vol. 12, no. April, pp. 1–10, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626456.

G. R. McCormack, P. K. Doyle-Baker, J. A. Petersen, and D. Ghoneim, “Parent anxiety and perceptions of their child’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada,†Prev. Med. Reports, vol. 20, p. 101275, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101275.

L. E. Roos et al., “Supporting families to protect child health: Parenting quality and household needs during the COVID-19 pandemic,†PLoS One, vol. 16, no. 5 May, pp. 1–19, 2021, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251720.

K. Rudzinski, P. McDonough, R. Gartner, and C. Strike, “Is there room for resilience? A scoping review and critique of substance use literature and its utilization of the concept of resilience,†Subst. Abus. Treat. Prev. Policy, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–35, 2017, doi: 10.1186/s13011-017-0125-2.

C. Ozawa et al., “Resilience and spirituality in patients with depression and their family members: A cross-sectional study,†Compr. Psychiatry, vol. 77, pp. 53–59, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.002.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.38165/jk.v13i1.301

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Visitor Statistics