HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT KONTAK, STATUS GIZI, DAN STATUS IMUNISASI BCG DENGAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU ANAK

Abstract

Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit infeksi menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobaterium tuberculosis. Pada tahun 2018 Indonesia menempati posisi ketiga tertinggi di Dunia dan di Kecamatan Cimahi Utara memiliki angka prevalensi tertinggi tuberkulosis di Kota Cimahi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi tuberkulosis paru pada anak diantaranya riwayat kontak, status gizi dan status imunisasi BCG. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat kontak, status gizi dan status imunisasi BCG dengan kejadian tuberculosis paru pada anak di Puskesmas Wilayah Kecamatan Cimahi Utara Tahun 2020.

Penelitian menggunakan rancangan case control. Populasi kasus sebanyak 50 anak dan populasi kontrol sebanyak 12.988 anak Sampel kasus adalah seluruh penderita tuberculosis paru anak usia 0-14 tahun yang terdapat di poli DOTS dan tercatat di formulir TB01 sebanyak 50 anak dan jumlah sampel kontrol sebanyak 50 anak tidak menderita tuberculosis paru. Pengambilan sampel kasus menggunakan total sampling dan sampel kontrol menggunakan teknik accidental sampling berdasarkan responden yang ada atau tersedia. Total sampel sebanyak 100 anak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dengan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan univariat dan bivariat (Chi-Square). Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat kontak (p= 0,0001, OR = 17,111, 95% CI: 6,014-48,686), status gizi (p =0,0001, OR = 9,750, 95% CI: 3,319-28,645)), dan status imunisasi BCG (p =0,002, OR = 4,030, 95% CI: 1,712-9,488) dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru pada anak di Puskesmas Wilayah Kecamatan Cimahi Utara. Diharapkan Puskesmas Wilayah Kecamatan Cimahi Utara dapat meningkatkan kegiatan promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan tentang pentingnya imunisasi BCG, peningkatan status gizi, dan riwayat kontak dalam perawatan lengkap orang dewasa dengan TB aktif sehingga dapat menghindari kasus TB Paru Anak.

Kata Kunci: Tuberkulosis; Riwayat kontak; Gizi; BCG

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2018 Indonesia was in the third highest position in the world and in North Cimahi District had the highest prevalence of tuberculosis in Cimahi City. Factors that influence pulmonary tuberculosis in children include contact history, nutritional status and BCG immunization status. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between contact history, nutritional status and BCG immunization status with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children at the Health Center of North Cimahi District in 2020. The study used a case control design. Case sampling used total sampling and for control samples using accidental sampling technique based on existing or available respondents. The case samples were all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis aged 0-14 years who were in the DOTS poly and recorded on the TB01 form as many as 50 children, the control population was 12,988 children, then the number of control samples was 50 children who did not suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis. a total sample of 100 children. Data collection using observation with observation sheets. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate (Chi-Square). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between contact history (p = 0.0001, OR = 17.111, 95% CI: 6.014-48.686), nutritional status (p = 0.0001, OR = 9.750, 95% CI: 3.319-28.645)), and BCG immunization status (p = 0.002, OR = 4.030, 95% CI: 1.712-9.488) with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children at the District Health Center of North Cimahi. It is hoped that the Regional Health Center of North Cimahi District can increase health promotion and prevention activities about the importance of BCG immunization, improve nutritional status, and contact history in complete care for adults with active TB so as to avoid cases of Child Pulmonary TB.

Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis in children; Contact history; Nutritional status; BCG Immunization status